Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity - Surgeon General Report

Multicultural

APA Guidelines for providers of psychological services to ethnic, linguistic, and culturally diverse populations. American Psychological Association, 1998 http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/guide.html.

Keywords:
Cul Lit Review-Addition

Abstract:
(from the introduction) There is increasing motivation among psychologists to understand culture and ethnicity factors in order to provide appropriate psychological services to ethnic and culturally diverse populations is attributable, in part, to the growing political and social presence of diverse cultural groups, both within APA and in the larger society. New sets of values, beliefs, and cultural expectations have been introduced into educational, political, business, and healthcare systems by the physical presence of these groups. The issues of language and culture do impact on the provision of appropriate psychological services Organista,P.B., Chun,K.M., and Marin,G., eds. Readings In Ethnic Psychology. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Keywords:
Alcohol Abuse/CJA Lit Review/Cultural Assimilation/Drug Usage/Ethnic Groups/Ethnic Identity/GTH Lit Review/Health Behavior/Mental Health Services/psychological stress/Risk Taking

Key Phrase:
race & ethnicity & acculturation & biculturalism & risk behaviors & psychological distress & interventions, African Americans & Asian Americans & American Indians & Hispanics & Latinos in US, readings

Abstract:
(from the cover) This book is an overview of current psychological knowledge about African Americans, Asian Americans, American Indians, and Hispanics/Latinos in the US. It addresses basic concepts in the field--race, ethnicity, acculturation and biculturalism. Psychosocial conditions such as risk behaviors, adaptive health behaviors, psychological distress and culturally appropriate interventions are also explored. /// The unselected chapters were covered in our database at the time of their original publication.

Abreu,J.M., and Gabarain,G. Social desirability and Mexican American counselor preferences: Statistical control for a potential confound. Journal of Counseling Psychology 47(2):165-176, 2000.

Keywords:
College Students/Counseling/Counselor Characteristics/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Assimilation/Mexican Americans/Preferences/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Social Desirability

Key Phrase:
social desirability & acculturation & type of presenting problem, preferences for counselor ethnicity, 17-35 yr old Mexican-Americans

Abstract:
(from the journal abstract) Mexican American college students (N = 90) were shown photographs and written descriptions of a Mexican American counselor and a European American counselor. Consistent with previous research, participants identified as low, medium, or high in acculturation expressed a strong preference for an ethnically similar over an ethnically dissimilar counselor as a helper for both an academic and a personal concern. However, statistical removal of variance attributed to social desirability as measured by the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS) canceled the counselor ethnicity effect. In 1 of 2 covariate analyses computed, the M-C SDS was effective in depressing the counselor ethnicity effect for only medium and high, but not for low, acculturation participants, raising interesting issues about the relationship between social desirability and level of acculturation among Mexican Americans. Research and counseling implications are discussed

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Improving Health Care for Ethnic and Racial Minority Populations. AHRQ Program Brief. AHRQ Publication No. 00-P040. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2000.

Keywords:
CUL/cultural competency/Goals/Health/Minority/Research

Key Phrase:
N/A

Abstract:
Past research supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has helped identify and explain the reasons for disparities in delivering health care to minority populations

Alvidrez,J. Ethnic variations in mental health attitudes and service use among low-income African American, Latina, and European American young women. Community Mental Health Journal 35(6):515-530, 1999.

Keywords:
African American/Attitude/Attitudes/Blacks/CUL Lit Review/etiology/GEN Lit Review/Health/Health Attitudes/Health Care Utilization/Hispanics/Human Females/Mental health/Mental Health Services/Mental Illness (Attitudes Toward)/Racial and Ethnic Differences/Whites/Women/Workgroup 6

Key Phrase:
attitudes towards & predictors of mental health service utilization & beliefs about causes of mental illness, 18-40 yr old White vs. Latina vs. African American clients at women's center

Abstract:
Examined the predictors of mental health service use among patients in an ethnically diverse public-care women's clinic. While waiting for their clinic appointment, 187 Latina, African American, and White women aged 18-40 were interviewed about their attitudes towards mental illness and mental health services. White women were much more likely to have made a mental health visit in the past than the ethnic minority women. Having a substance use problem, use of mental health services by family or friends, and the belief that mental illness is caused by an imbalance or lack of moderation in lifestyle/environment were all predictors of making a mental health visit. Contrary to prediction, Latinas were less likely to endorse beliefs that mental illness carries a stigma than the other 2 groups. In the analysis about beliefs about causes of mental illness, Latinas were less likely to endorse causes in the medical and balance factors than the other 2 ethnic groups, and African Americans were more likely to endorse causes in the religious/supernatural factor than European Americans or Latinas. The article concludes with suggestions regarding how to make mental health services more accessible to persons from minority groups

Aponte,J.F., and Barnes,J.M. Impact of acculturation and moderator variables on the intervention and treatment of ethnic groups. In: Rivers,R.Y., ed. Psychological Interventions and Cultural Diversity. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1995. pp. 19-39.

Keywords:
Acculturation/Affect/African American/American Indians/Asians/Behavior/Blacks/Cross Cultural Differences/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Assimilation/Cultural Diversity/Cultural Sensitivity/Culture/Ethnic Groups/Health/Health Care Utilization/Hispanics/Intervention/Language/Language Proficiency/Mental health/Mental Health Services/Native American/outcome/Treatment

Key Phrase:
acculturation & language fluency & ethnic & majority group characteristics, mental health service use & treatment outcome, ethnic minority groups, application of cross cultural acculturation model

Abstract:
(from the chapter) [takes the] approach . . . that the cultural background, degree of acculturation, and experiences within the majority culture provide a framework through which current experiences and information are processed and behavior is produced / these factors also affect their entry into the mental health system, the types of services provided, the processes involved in working with them, and the outcome of the interventions or treatments given /// [identifies and discusses] a variety of factors . . . that have direct impact on 4 major ethnic groups (African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans) / [subsumes] these factors . . . under 5 major headings: (1) process of acculturation, (2) outcome of the acculturation process, (3) language usage and fluency, (4) characteristics of the ethnic group and their moderating effects, and (5) the moderating effects of the larger society or majority group / utilizes the cross-cultural acculturation model developed by J. Berry and his associates [Berry, 1980

Arbona,C. Psychological assessment: Multicultural or universal? Counseling Psychologist 26(6):911-921, 1998.

Keywords:
Assessment/Clients/Counseling/counselor/Cross Cultural Treatment/CUL Lit Review/Culture/Guidelines/Measurement/Multiculturalism/Psychological assessment/Strategies

Key Phrase:
interpretation of cultural data in assessment & case conceptualization in therapy using Multicultural Assessment Procedure, commentary

Abstract:
Comments on C. R. Ridley, L. C. Li, and C. L. Hill (see record 1998-12811-001). The author focuses on the assessment model they have proposed and discusses some of the strengths and weaknesses in the Multicultural Assessment Procedure (MAP). One of the most valuable aspects of the MAP is that it encourages and directs practitioners to take a scientific stance in the counseling process when assessing clients' issues. This scientific stance is exemplified by 3 central characteristics of the model: (1) it provides assessment guidelines and specific procedures, which lead the counselor to (2) engage in tentative and self-correcting information-processing strategies and to (3) evaluate the effectiveness of their assessments on a client-by-client basis. The author states that a related problem in the description of the MAP is the lack of clarity and precision in the definition of culture. Other topics discussed include cultural vs idiosyncratic data, current multicultural suggestions and implementation of the MAP, and generic or group specific psychological assessment

Atkinson,D.R., Thompson,C.E., and Grant,S.K. A three-dimensional model for counseling racial/ethnic minorities. Counseling Psychologist 21(2):257-277, 1993.

Keywords:
Client Characteristics/Counseling Psychologists/Counselor Role/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Assimilation/Minority Groups/Models/Psychotherapeutic Counseling/Racial and Ethnic Differences

Key Phrase:
client acculturation level & locus of problem etiology & goals in helping, role & strategy adoption, counseling psychologists with ethnic minority clients, application of 3-dimensional model

Abstract:
Proposes that at least 3 factors should be considered when selecting the roles and strategies to adopt when working with a racial/ethnic minority client (REMC). These factors are (1) the client's level of acculturation, (2) the locus of the problem's etiology, and (3) the goals of helping. Each of these factors is examined, and a 3-dimensional model for identifying appropriate counseling roles and strategies when working with an REMC is presented. Because each of the 3 factors represents a continuum, their interaction can be conceptualized along 3 axes. Eight roles of counseling associated with the intersection of the 3 continua extremes are discussed. These are the adviser, advocate, facilitator of indigenous support systems, facilitator of indigenous healing systems, consultant, change agent, counselor, and psychotherapist roles

Atkinson,D.R., and Lowe,S.M. The role of ethnicity, cultural knowledge, and conventional techniques in counseling and psychotherapy. In: Ponterotto,J.G., and Casas,J.M., eds. Handbook of Multicultural Counseling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995. pp. 387-414.

Keywords:
Client Characteristics/Counseling/Counselor Characteristics/Counselor Education/Cross Cultural Treatment/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Sensitivity/Ethnic Groups/Literature Review/Minority Groups/Multicultural Education/Psychotherapeutic Outcomes/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Psychotherapeutic Techniques

Key Phrase:
role of ethnicity in counselor-client dyads & multicultural training & techniques in counseling process & outcomes, ethnic minority clients, literature review

Abstract:
(from the chapter) review the cross-cultural counseling research literature published since 1970 [and] develop guidelines for future research that could have implications for policy, training, and practice / reviews research that has implications for the following questions / are counselor and client dyads that are matched for ethnicity associated with more favorable counseling process and outcome than are ethnically mismatched dyads / is counselor training in ethnic cultures associated with more favorable counseling process and outcome for ethnic minority clients than no training in ethnic cultures / is there empirical support for modifying traditional forms of therapy when working with ethnic minority clients

Ayonrinde,O. Black, White, or shades of grey: The challenges of ethnic and cultural difference (or similarity) in the therapeutic process. International Review of Psychiatry 11(2-3):191-196, 1999.

Keywords:
Awareness/Black Power Movement/Client Characteristics/Cross Cultural Differences/CUL Lit Review/Ethnic Groups/Meaning/Minority/Minority
Groups/patient/patients/Psychiatrists/Psychiatry/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Racial and Ethnic Differences/Therapeutic Processes/Therapist Characteristics/Whites

Key Phrase:
challenges of ethnic or cultural difference or similarity in therapeutic process, ethnic minority psychiatrists treating ethnic minorities & Whites

Abstract:
In multi-cultural societies, the ethnic mix of patient and carer populations may be diverse. Culturally sensitive psychiatric services need to be aware of the specific needs of their patients such as interpreters, bilingual staff and accessible resources. The importance of cross-cultural awareness has also been stressed. The challenges and limitations of the psychiatrist (therapist) working with minority ethnic populations have received wide coverage. However, there is a dearth of literature on the Black or ethnic minority psychiatrist working with White and Black patients. Using vignettes, this paper discusses the challenges posed by ethnic and cultural difference or similarity in the therapeutic process. By emphasizing the meaning of difference in the clinical transaction the paper highlights the need for awareness of this process. It concludes that the ethnic minority psychiatrist may find himself in the unique position of being neither 'Black' nor 'White' but 'shades of gray.'

Bhugra,D., and Bhui,K. Psychotherapy for ethnic minorities: Issues, context and practice. British Journal of Psychotherapy 14(3):310-326, 1998.

Keywords:
CUL Lit Review/Cultural Diversity/Culture/Ethnic Groups/Minority/Minority Groups/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Psychotherapy/Research/Theories/training

Key Phrase:
theoretical origins & application to minorities & therapist-patient interaction, psychotherapy

Abstract:
Discusses psychotherapy, its theoretical origins, its application to ethnic minority groups, and the therapist-patient interaction. Major points highlighted are (1) cultural diversity and context, (2) psychotherapy and culture, (3) client-therapist interactions, (4) service issues in psychotherapy for ethnic minorities, (5) specific psychotherapies across cultures, and (6) research and training

Bland,I.J., and Kraft,I. The therapeutic alliance across cultures. In: Okpaku,S.O., ed. Clinical Methods in Transcultural Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1998. pp. 266-278.

Keywords:
Cross Cultural Treatment/CUL Lit Review/Psychoanalysis/Psychotherapeutic Processes

Key Phrase:
problems in cross-cultural therapeutic alliance in psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy

Abstract:
(from the chapter) Examine issues in the cross-cultural therapeutic alliance from a psychoanalytic theoretical perspective. Although equally effective with racial or ethnic minority patients, traditional psychoanalytic psychotherapy may not be the practical, clinically appropriate or preferred treatment of choice in all circumstances. This theoretical perspective however, provides an in-depth understanding of issues that can lead to early recognition of problems in the therapeutic alliance, regardless of the particular psychotherapeutic modality utilized. Topics discussed include: empathy in the cross-cultural context, the therapeutic dyad, and common problems in the therapeutic alliance across cultures: clinical methods for resolution. ((c) 1999 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)

Blonder,L.X. Brain and emotion relations in culturally diverse populations. In: Hinton,A.L., ed. Biocultural Approaches to the Emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. pp. 274-296.

Keywords:
Brain/Communication/CUL Lit
Review/emotion/Emotions/Ethnocentrism/general/memory/Neuropsychology/Nonverbal Communication/Research/Sociocultural Factors/Verbal Communication

Key Phrase:
ethnocentrism & cultural factors & neural control of verbal & non-verbal communication of emotion

Abstract:
(from the introduction) Notes the difficulties in examining the interrelationships between different levels of analysis of brain and emotion relations. After reviewing the neuropsychological literature on verbal/non-verbal communication, mood, and arousal and illustrating some of the important ways in which the right hemisphere and the frontal lobes are implicated in generating emotions, the author demonstrates that much of the research is hampered by ethnocentrism, methodological constraints, and insensitivity to cross-cultural variation. Likewise, ethnopsychological analyses have often been hampered by an erroneous assumption of language-emotion isomorphism and a general lack of sophistication about neurophysiology. The author suggests that one productive avenue of future biocultural research will be to conduct more in-depth studies of how cultural factors such as learning and memory impact upon the neuronal patterning associated with given emotions

Brems,C. Cultural issues in psychological assessment: Problems and possible solutions. Journal of Psychological Practice 4(2):88-117, 1998.

Keywords:
Assessment/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Sensitivity/Culture/Ethnocentrism/History/Human/Psychological assessment/Stress

Key Phrase:
problems & negative consequences of culturally insensitive assessment & potential solutions

Abstract:
This article summarizes the history of the problems and negative consequences of culturally insensitive assessment. It then uses this discussion as a backdrop for suggesting potential solutions that will render psychological testing useful and sensitive in most contexts. Most importantly, the suggested solutions stress that that testing is best understood not as a science (although it has its roots in pure science), but rather as a unique integration of science and art, based on the following premises:(1) All human beings have to be viewed and understood in their own unique context. (2)Examiners have to let go of their own ethnocentrism (regardless of their cultural back-grounds) and become well-versed in the cultures with whom they anticipate contact. (3)Examiners must be flexible, willing to adapt, empathic, knowledgeable, non-judgmental, nontraditional, and ever-aware of the social consequences of their trade. (4)Tests are only as good as the examiners who administer them

Butcher,J.N., Nezami,E., and Exner,J. Psychological assessment of people in diverse cultures. In: Kazarian,S.S., and Evans,D.R., eds. Cultural Clinical Psychology: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 61-105.

Keywords:
CUL Lit Review/Cultural Sensitivity/Experimentation/Psychological assessment/Sociocultural Factors/Technology

Key Phrase:
cultural factors in transnational or subcultural clinical assessment research & psychological techniques & psychotechnology

Abstract: (from the chapter) Examines cultural factors that define or influence transnational or subcultural clinical assessment research or practice. Issues or problems that apply to different cultural populations are discussed. The broad diffusion of psychological techniques and psychotechnology raises a number of issues, which are the focus of this chapter. The authors recognize that intercultural test adaptations are only beginning to evolve and that substantial research is required to assure that the test translations and adaptation are effective. The authors follow the definition of culture as involving: patterns of behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols or cognitions, that make up the aggregate achievement of human groups which are embodied in artifacts or materials passed on to others. The essential elements of culture consist of materials, traditional ideas, and values surviving within a group intergenerationally

Carter,R.T. The Influence of Race and Racial Identity in Psychotherapy: Toward a Racially Inclusive Model. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

Keywords:
CUL Lit Review/Ethnic Identity/Personality Development/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Psychotherapy/Race (Anthropological)/Racial and Ethnic Differences

Key Phrase:
race & racial identity in personality development & influence on psychotherapy

Abstract:
(from the jacket) In this . . . book, Robert T. Carter stands conventional wisdom on its head and elevates race to the position of prominence it deserves to occupy in modern psychological thought. With a wealth of empirical evidence to support his claims, he clearly demonstrates the decisive role that race plays in personality development and the powerful influence it has on the therapeutic process. Just as importantly, he presents the 1st Racially Inclusive Model of Psychotherapy, a rigorous conceptual framework which affords clinicians a deeper awareness of how racial issues affect their dealings with patients and a means of integrating that knowledge into their practices. /// The book begins with a critical overview, in which the author clearly shows that race has always been excluded from theories of personality development Table of Contents Introduction: An overview of race and mental health Part one: What do we know? The psychotherapy literature Race in psychological theory and practice Overview of the social and historical basis of beliefs about race in psychotherapy Psychotherapy with visible racial/ethnic groups: The cultural difference paradigm Part two: Where do we go? Theoretical frameworks Race and identity development Visible racial/ethnic identity theories White racial identity Biracial identity and questions and concerns about racial identity status development Race and psychotherapy: A process model Part three: How do we know? Research evidence Racial identity and psychosocial correlates Does race or racial identity influence the therapy process? Relationship types: An examination of qualitative aspects of therapeutic process and outcome Case studies: Evidence of race in psychotherapy Part four: What do we do with race? Clinical applications Race and psychotherapy: Clinical applications in a sociocultural context Assessing race using the Racially Inclusive Model in clinical treatment Race and psychotherapy: Training applications A call to the mental health profession Appendix: Measures References Author index Subject index

Castro,F.G. Cultural competence training in clinical psychology: Assessment, clinical intervention, and research. In: Bellack,A.S., and Hersen,M., eds. Comprehensive Clinical Psychology: Sociocultural and Individual Differences. Vol. 10. Oxford: Pergamon, 1998. pp. 127-140.

Keywords:
Assessment/Clinical Psychology/Competence/CUL/Cultural Competence/Health/Individual Differences/Intervention/Minority/multicultural competency training/Psychology/Research/training

Key Phrase:
N/A

Abstract:
This chapter presents a three-fold model for describing and rating the capacity of a clinical psychologist or other health professional to conduct culturally effective assessments, clinical interventions, and research with members of ethnic minority populations

Cepeda-Benito,A., and Gleaves,D.H. Cross-ethnic equivalence of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-21 in European American, African American, and Latino college students. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 6(3):297-308, 2000.

Keywords:
African American/ÿ/CUL Lit Review/Distress/Ethnic Groups/factor analysis/Factor Structure/general/Hispanics/Measurement/Psychological assessment/Racial and Ethnic Differences/Students/Symptom Checklists/Test Validity/Whites

Key Phrase:
factor structure & validity of Hopkins Symptom Checklist-21 across ethnic groups, European American vs African American vs Latino college students

Abstract:
To determine if the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-21 demonstrates equivalent validity across different ethnic groups, the authors tested the factor structure of the instrument with a sample of 514 European American, 154 African American, and 229 Latino college students using confirmatory factor analysis with tests of invariance across groups. The authors contend that for the most part, a 3 -factor model with Performance, General, and Somatic factors fit equally well for all 3 racial/ethnic groups. Differences involved only a few items in terms of either the strength of a factor loading or an error term. The results generally support the validity of the use of the instrument for measurement of distress in these different racial/ethnic groups

Cheng,W.D., Chae,M., and Gunn,R.W. Splitting and projective identification in multicultural group counseling. Journal for Specialists in Group Work 23(4):372-387, 1998.

Keywords:
Cognitive Style/Communities/Community Psychology/Counseling/Cross Cultural Psychology/CUL Lit Review/Ego/Ethnocentrism/Group Counseling/Group Processes/Multiculturalism/Prejudice/Projective Identification/Psychotherapeutic Processes/Racism/Thinking

Key Phrase:
splitting & projective identification & manifestation in racial & cultural prejudice, multicultural group counseling processes & promotion of community building

Abstract:
Discusses how splitting and projective identification underlie racial and cultural prejudice, demonstrates their dynamics in multicultural groups, and shows how identifying and working through these dynamics can serve the group purpose of ego strengthening and also decrease prejudice and promote community building. Three cognitive styles are discussed as predisposing to splitting and projective identification: authoritarian thinking, conformity, and ethnocentrism. The group process is seen as parallel to that of individuals as they move from splitting and projective identification (manifested in prejudice), to identification of split-off parts as a defense, to fuller self acceptance and acceptance of those on whom they had projected negative feelings. This group experience is viewed as a microcosm of reversing prejudice and racism in the larger society, and thus as a microcosm of community building

Coard,S.I., and Holden,E.W. The effect of racial and ethnic diversity on the delivery of mental health services in pediatric primary care. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 5(3):275-294, 1998.

Keywords:
Cross Cultural Treatment/CUL Lit Review/Culture/Health/health care delivery/Health Care Utilization/Management/Mental health/Mental Health Services/Minority/Minority Groups/Pediatrics/Physicians/primary care/Primary Health Care/Racial and Ethnic Differences/Sociocultural Factors/training/utilization

Key Phrase:
effect of racial & ethnic diversity on delivery of mental health services in pediatric primary care

Abstract:
The effects of racial and ethnic diversity on the detection and management of behavioral and emotional problems in pediatric primary care are addressed. Service access and utilization as a function of race and culture are initially examined. Important barriers within pediatric training, including minimal emphases on behavioral training and the limited supply of minority physicians, are underscored. The impact of ethnicity on the development and maintenance of the clinical relationship that is critical to accurately and sensitively identifying and managing behavioral and developmental problems is briefly addressed. Recommendations for further integration of racial/ethnic issues into mental health service provision within the pediatric primary care arena are presented

Crawford,K., Fisher,W.H., and McDermeit,M. Racial/ethnic disparities in admissions to public and private psychiatric inpatient settings: The effect of managed care. Administration & Policy in Mental Health 26(2):101-109, 1998.

Keywords:
Asians/ÿ/case management/CUL Lit Review/Health Care Utilization/Hispanics/Managed Care/Mental Disorders/Mental Health Services/Racial and Ethnic Differences/Whites

Key Phrase:
managed care, mental health care access patterns, 19-90 yr old Black vs Asian vs Hispanic/Latino vs other non-White vs White case managed clients with mental illness

Abstract:
Investigated the effect of managed care on access patterns among people of color who were severely and persistently mentally ill. The distribution of admissions to public and private psychiatric hospitals was compared for Black, Asian, Hispanic/Latino, other non-White, and White case-managed clients (aged 19-90 yrs) of the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health before (n = 1,711) and after (n = 4,255) implementation of Medicaid managed mental health care in October 1997. Managed care appears to have increased access to private services across all racial and ethnic groups, although admissions of non-White patients were still more likely to take place in publicly operated settings. Data suggest that equalizing access to putatively better inpatient treatment settings may be an externality of managed care

Cross,T., Bazron,B., Dennis,K., and Isaacs,M. Cultural competence continuum. In: Toward a Culturally Competent System of Care, Volume 1: A Monograph on Effective Services for Minority Children Who Are Severely Emotionally Disturbed. Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Assistance Center, 1989.

Keywords:
Children/Competence/CUL/Cultural Competence/cultural relevancy/Edna Davis/Minority/multicultural counseling

Key Phrase:
N/A

Abstract:
Descriptions of: cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, cultural pre-competence, cultural competence, cultural proficiency

Cuellar,I. Acculturation as a moderator of personality and psychological assessment. In: Dana,R.H., ed. Handbook of Cross-Cultural and Multicultural Personality Assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000. pp. 113-129.

Keywords:
CUL Lit Review/Cultural Assimilation/Personality Measures/Psychological assessment

Key Phrase:
acculturation as moderator of personality & psychological assessment

Abstract:
(from the chapter) The study of culture and personality, as well as their interactions, has been of much interest in the fields of psychology, anthropology, and cross-cultural psychology. Culture, defined as a set of contextual variables, can and often does moderate what responses take place at any given time. In behavioral terms, stimulus conditions moderate responses by determining what responses take place at any given time. To the extent that our environments are a reflection of our culture, we are continuously moderating our thoughts and actions by cultural influences. Although both mediating and moderating influence of culture are equally important, this chapter focuses on the latter to keep matters simple. In this respect, this chapter is largely concerned with the accuracy with which psychological test scores predict behavior for individuals who are poorly represented or excluded from standardization samples. This perspective holds as its basic premise that many predictors in the behavioral sciences are moderated by culture. That prediction is enhanced to the extent that cultural variance is controlled, understood, and/or included in the equation

Coleman,H.L.K. Conflict in multicultural counseling relationships: Source and resolution. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 25(3):195-200, 1997.

Keywords:
Acculturation/Clients/Conflict/Coping/Coping Behavior/Counseling/counselor/Counselors/Cross Cultural Treatment/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Diversity/multicultural counseling/Multiculturalism/Psychotherapeutic Processes

Key Phrase:
conflict from divergence in multicultural counseling strategies for coping with cultural diversity

Abstract:
Outlines H. L. K. Coleman's (1995b) model of the 6 strategies (assimilation, acculturation, alternation, integration, fusion, and separation) individuals use to cope with cultural diversity; and suggests that conflict in multicultural counseling relationships are often the result of divergence in the strategies used by counselors and clients to cope with cultural diversity. It is suggested that the way to manage this conflict is to develop skills to assess the client's worldview and use counseling approaches that match that perspective. A 2nd approach to resolving conflict in a multicultural counseling relationship is to expand the counselor's range of coping strategies

Commander,M.J., Cochrane,R., Sashidharan,S.P., Akilu,F., and Wildsmith,E. Mental health care for Asian, black and white patients with non-affective psychoses: Pathways to the psychiatric hospital, in-patient and after-care. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 34(9):484-491, 1999.

Keywords:
Aftercare/Asians/ÿ/CUL Lit Review/Early Intervention/Environment/Ethnic Groups/Health Care Utilization/Intervention/Involvement/patient/Patient Satisfaction/patients/Perception/programs/Psychiatric Hospitalization/Psychosis/Racial and Ethnic Differences/Treatment/Whites

Key Phrase:
pathways to psychiatric hospitalization & inpatient care received & aftercare service delivery 3 mo postdischarge, Asian vs White vs Black patients with nonaffective psychoses in UK

Abstract:
This UK-based study compares the pathways to the psychiatric hospital and the provision of inpatient and aftercare for Asian, black and white patients with non-affective psychoses. 120 patients, 40 from each ethnic group, were interviewed on admission and at 3 mo discharge. Patient satisfaction was ascertained at each stage. Asian and especially black patients experienced more complex pathways and had higher levels of both involvement with the police and compulsory detention than their white counterparts. They were less likely to perceive themselves as having a psychiatric problem or as needing to go into hospital and expressed less satisfaction with the admission process. Black patients, as compared to Asian but especially white patients, were more often detained in hospital against their will, confined to the ward and treated within a secure environment. However, there were few differences in satisfaction with hospital care. Likewise, perceptions of unmet need, provision of aftercare and satisfaction with services were similar across the ethnic groups. The potential of early intervention programs and home treatment services to address the ethnic differentials identified in this study merit consideration

Constantine,M.G. Developing competence in multicultural assessment: Implications for counseling psychology training and practice. Counseling Psychologist 26(6):922-929, 1998.

Keywords:
Assessment/Clients/Counseling/Counseling Psychology/Cross Cultural Treatment/CUL Lit Review/Culture/knowledge/Measurement/Multiculturalism/Psychological assessment/Psychology/training/Work

Key Phrase:
interpretation of cultural data in assessment & case conceptualization in therapy using Multicultural Assessment Procedure, commentary

Abstract:
Comments on the article written by C. R. Ridley, L. C. Li, and C. L. Hill (see record 1998-12811-001). In their major contribution, Ridley et al have done a laudatory job of delineating vital issues in the area of multicultural assessment by encouraging us to ponder previous assumptions we may have made about how clients' cultural group memberships interface with and influence their presenting concerns. Their article represents the integration of elements that challenges us to reexamine and reconceptualize the salience of culture in the assessment process and to then apply this transformed and newly minted knowledge to our work with clients. Ridley et al's contribution is primed to be a seminal reference in the area of multicultural assessment. In reacting to their article, the author identifies and expounds on many of its strengths, outlines some potential issues related to it, and discusses its implications for counseling psychology training and practice

Conyne,R.K. What to look for in groups: Helping trainees become more sensitive to multicultural issues. Journal for Specialists in Group Work 23(1):22-32, 1998.

Keywords:
Counselor Education/Counselor Trainees/CUL Lit Review/Cultural Sensitivity/Group Counseling/Group Dynamics/Psychotherapeutic Processes

Key Phrase:
multicultural adaptation of P. Hanson's group process observation guidelines, group counseling trainees

Abstract:
Presents a multicultural adaptation of P. Hanson's (1969, 1972) original group process observation guidelines to help students and other trainees become more aware of multicultural issues in group work. Multicultural sensitizers are added to each of the following original process observation categories: participation, influence, decision-making procedures, task functions, maintenance functions, group atmosphere, membership, feelings, and norms. A system for processing and discussing these expanded observations in a fishbowl design is detailed. Experimentation with the multicultural sensitizers is encouraged in a variety of settings, including education, business and industry, and mental health

Dana,R.H. Multicultural Assessment Perspectives for Professional Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1993.

Keywords:
CUL Lit Review/Multiculturalism

Key Phrase:
N/A

Abstract:
N/A

Dana,R.H., and Behn,J.D. A checklist for the examination of cultural competence in social service agencies. Research on Social Work Practice 2(2):220-234, 1992.

Keywords:
CUL Lit Review

Key Phrase:
N/A

Abstract:
Describes the development of a checklist of agency characteristics believed to represent checklist application; Pilot studies of checklist; Implications.

APA Guidelines for providers of psychological services to ethnic, linguistic, and culturally diverse populations. American Psychological Association, 1998 http://www.apa.org/pi/oema/guide.html.

Keywords:
Cul Lit Review-Addition

Keywords:
Alcohol Abuse/CJA Lit Review/Cultural Assimilation/Drug Usage/Ethnic Groups/Ethnic Identity/GTH Lit Review/Health Behavior/Mental Health Services/psychological stress/Risk Taking

Keywords: CUL/cultural competency/Goals/Health/Minority/Research

Key Phrase: N/A